Posted on by Heather

Having seizures is quite common.  Having one seizure in your lifetime is quite normal.   It is however good to know how to help someone who is having a seizure.  In the UK, it is estimated that around 600,000 individuals have epilepsy, according to the Epilepsy Society. This figure includes both adults and children.

Each year, approximately 44 out of every 100,000 people in the UK are diagnosed with epilepsy, according to the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE).

There are over 600,000 people in the UK with a known diagnosis of epilepsy.  That’s about 1 in 103 people. In every week over 600 people are given an epilepsy diagnosis; that’s 87 each and every day. Shockingly, there are 21 epilepsy-related deaths every week in the UK according to epilepsy research.

Understanding Seizures

Having a seizure can be very different between people.  Every seizure can look different and occur differently for any individual.  The reasons and causes of someone having a seizure can be quite varied and sometimes unknown.   It would be useful to how to help someone who is having a seizure.  Here are some common factors that can lead to seizures:

  1. Epilepsy: Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterised by recurrent seizures. It is the most common cause of seizures. In people with epilepsy, seizures result from abnormal electrical activity in the brain. The exact cause of epilepsy can be complex and may involve genetic factors, brain injuries, developmental disorders, or unknown factors.
  2. Brain Injuries: Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) resulting from accidents, falls, or other causes can lead to seizures. The disruption of normal brain function caused by the injury can trigger abnormal electrical discharges and seizures.
  3. Genetic Factors: Some individuals have a genetic predisposition to seizures. Certain genetic conditions, such as Dravet syndrome or tuberous sclerosis, are associated with an increased risk of seizures.
  4. Infections: Infections affecting the central nervous system, such as meningitis, encephalitis, or brain abscesses, can cause seizures. These infections can lead to inflammation or damage in the brain, disrupting normal electrical activity.
  5. Stroke: A stroke occurs when there is a disruption of blood flow to the brain, leading to brain cell damage. Seizures can occur as a result of the disrupted brain function following a stroke.
  6. Metabolic Disorders: Certain metabolic conditions, such as hypoglycaemia (low blood sugar), electrolyte imbalances, or kidney/liver dysfunction, can trigger seizures. These disorders can disrupt the balance of chemicals and nutrients necessary for normal brain function.
  7. Brain Tumours: Tumours in the brain can cause seizures by directly affecting brain tissue or by altering the normal electrical activity in the surrounding areas.
  8. Drug or Alcohol Withdrawal: Abruptly stopping certain medications, alcohol, or drugs after prolonged use can lead to seizures in some individuals. The seizures in this case are often referred to as withdrawal seizures.

It’s important to note that these are just a few examples, and there can be other causes of seizures as well. If someone experiences a seizure, it is crucial to seek medical attention for proper diagnosis and appropriate management of the underlying cause.

Stay Calm: Maintaining Composure During a Seizure

During a seizure, different stages can occur, although not all seizures have distinct stages. The stages experienced can vary depending on the type of seizure and the individual.  We will explain how to help someone who is having a seizure during this blog.  However, here is a general overview of the stages commonly associated with seizures:

  1. Prodrome: This stage occurs before the seizure itself and involves subtle changes or sensations that can act as warning signs. These can include mood changes, irritability, anxiety, changes in appetite, or physical symptoms such as headache or fatigue. Not everyone experiences a prodrome stage.
  2. Aura: Some individuals with seizures, particularly focal seizures, may experience an aura. An aura is a subjective sensation that occurs before the seizure and acts as a warning sign. Auras can manifest as specific sensory perceptions (such as visual disturbances, auditory hallucinations, or unusual smells), emotional changes, or physical sensations.
  3. Ictal Phase: This is the main stage of the seizure, characterized by abnormal electrical activity in the brain. The ictal phase can have different manifestations depending on the type of seizure:
    • Tonic Phase: In tonic-clonic seizures, there is often an initial tonic phase characterized by muscle stiffness, where the person may fall, lose consciousness, and experience stiffening of the muscles.
    • Clonic Phase: Following the tonic phase, there is typically a clonic phase characterised by rhythmic jerking movements of the limbs or the whole body.
    • Other Manifestations: Other seizure types, such as focal seizures, may have different manifestations during the ictal phase. These can include repetitive movements, sensory changes, altered consciousness, emotional or behavioural changes, or other symptoms specific to the affected brain region.
  4. Postictal Phase: After the seizure, there is a recovery period known as the postictal phase. This phase can involve various symptoms, including confusion, disorientation, fatigue, headache, muscle soreness, or emotional changes. The duration of the postictal phase can vary, ranging from minutes to hours, and sometimes longer.

It’s important to note that not all seizures follow these distinct stages, and the experience can differ between individuals and seizure types.

 

Ensuring Safety: Creating a Safe Environment

Ensuring safety and creating a safe environment is crucial when someone is experiencing a seizure. Here are some key points to consider when someone is having a seizure;

  • Clear Surroundings: Remove any sharp objects, furniture with sharp edges, or potentially dangerous items from the immediate vicinity of the person having a seizure. Create a clear space to minimise the risk of injury during the seizure.
  • Avoid Restraining: It’s important not to restrain the person during a seizure unless they are in immediate danger, such as near a hazardous area. Restraining them can potentially cause harm and is generally unnecessary. Instead, focus on keeping the surrounding area safe.
  • Keep the casualty safe: if the casualty is banging their head on the floor, you can apply a soft cushion, or folded jumper under their head.  This prevents head injuries.   Please note, as soon as the seizure has finished, make sure the soft cushion is removed and their airway is open.
  • Time the Seizure: Note the start time of the seizure and observe its duration. This information will be useful to medical professionals later, as seizures lasting longer than 5 minutes or clustering close together may require medical intervention.
  • Reassurance and Comfort: Stay calm and provide reassurance to the person during and after the seizure. Speak calmly and softly, offering comfort and support. Let them know they are safe and that help is available if needed.
  • Observe: Observe the seizure closely and take note of any specific characteristics, such as movements or behaviours exhibited.
  • Stay with the Person: Remain with the person until the seizure has ended and they have fully recovered. Reassure them and offer assistance if needed.
  • Seizure Monitoring: If the person has a history of seizures, consider implementing seizure monitoring devices, such as seizure alarms or wearable technologies, to provide an extra layer of safety and assistance in detecting and responding to seizures.

Remember, these are general guidelines, and it’s essential to consult with healthcare professionals for personalized advice and recommendations based on the specific circumstances and needs of the person experiencing seizures.

 

Time Matters: Duration of a Seizure

Noting the time of a seizure is important for several reasons. Firstly, it provides valuable information for medical assessment. The duration of a seizure helps healthcare professionals assess the seizure type and its severity. Seizures that last longer than five minutes or occur in close succession may require medical intervention or adjustments to the person’s treatment plan.

Secondly, documenting the duration of seizures is essential for maintaining a comprehensive medical history. Accurate records allow healthcare providers to track seizure patterns, evaluate treatment effectiveness, and make informed decisions about management strategies.

In terms of safety monitoring, timing the seizure enables better monitoring of the person’s well-being. If a seizure lasts longer than expected or exceeds a predetermined duration, it may indicate more severe seizure activity or a medical emergency. This information prompts appropriate actions, such as seeking medical help or administering rescue medications if prescribed.

Moreover, knowing the duration of a seizure assists healthcare providers in determining the effectiveness of the person’s current medication regimen. If seizures consistently exceed the desired duration, adjustments to medication dosages or the addition of new medications may be necessary.

The duration of a seizure also aids in accurately classifying the seizure type. Different seizure types have distinct characteristics and require specific treatment approaches. By timing the seizure, healthcare providers can properly categorise it, influencing the diagnostic process and subsequent management.

Any seizure longer than five minutes you will need to call 999.

 

How To Help Someone Who is Having a Seizure: Step-by-Step Instructions

Here is a step-by-step guide on how to help someone who is having a seizure:

  1. Stay Calm and Stay with the Person: It’s crucial to remain calm and composed. Stay with the person throughout the seizure episode to provide support and reassurance.
  2. Ensure Safety: Clear the immediate area of any sharp or dangerous objects. Create a safe environment by removing obstacles and guiding the person away from hazards such as stairs or sharp corners.
  3. Time the Seizure: Note the start time of the seizure. Timing the seizure will help healthcare professionals assess its duration and determine if any medical intervention is required.  If the seizures lasts more than five minutes you will need to call 999.
  4. Protect the Person: Do not restrain the person during the seizure unless they are in immediate danger, such as being near a busy road or a source of water. Instead, focus on keeping them safe from harm by gently guiding them away from potential hazards.
  5. Prevent Injury: If the person is in a standing position, help them to safely sit or lie down on their side. This can prevent choking or aspiration if there is any saliva or vomit. Place a soft object, such as a pillow or folded clothing, under their head to cushion any potential impact.
  6. Loosen Restrictive Clothing: If the person is wearing tight or restrictive clothing, gently loosen it to ensure unrestricted breathing and enhance comfort during the seizure.
  7. Do Not Put Anything in their Mouth: Contrary to popular belief, it is not necessary to put anything in the person’s mouth during a seizure. Doing so can cause injury or obstruct the airway. Allow the seizure to run its course naturally.
  8. Stay Reassuring: Speak in a calm and comforting manner to reassure the person. Let them know that they are safe and that you are there to support them. Avoid crowded or overwhelming environments that may increase anxiety.
  9. Observe and Note Seizure Characteristics: Take note of the seizure’s characteristics, such as movements, duration, and any other noticeable features. This information can be valuable for medical professionals in diagnosing and managing the person’s seizures.
  10. Stay with the Person During the Postictal Phase: After the seizure, the person may enter a postictal phase characterized by confusion, disorientation, fatigue, or headache. Stay with them until they have fully recovered and offer assistance as needed.
  11. Seek Medical Attention if Necessary: In certain situations, medical attention may be required. If the seizure lasts longer than five minutes, is followed by another seizure, or if it’s the person’s first seizure, call emergency services or seek medical help.

Remember, each person’s seizure experience can vary, and it’s important to consult with healthcare professionals for personalised advice and guidance. By following these step-by-step instructions, you can provide immediate support and help ensure the safety and well-being of someone experiencing a seizure.

After the Seizure: Recovery and Follow-up Steps

After a seizure has occurred, there are several important recovery and follow-up steps to consider.

It is very important to check the casualties airway is clear and they are breathing normally.   During a seizure the casualty can vomit or saliva drawl can block the airway which can stop the casualty from breathing.

First, allow the person to rest in a calm and quiet environment. Offer understanding and support as seizures can be disorienting and emotionally distressing. Monitor the person closely, observing their behaviour and any changes in their condition. If necessary, assist with basic care needs and provide water to drink.

Documentation is crucial. Record the date, time, duration, and any specific observations or symptoms of the seizure.  Encourage the person to keep a seizure diary to track seizure frequency and associated factors. Consider utilising seizure monitoring devices or apps to aid in recording and tracking seizure activity.

The casualty may attend scheduled follow-up appointments with the healthcare provider. These visits are essential for reviewing seizure management strategies, evaluating treatment effectiveness, and addressing any concerns or questions.   This will defiantly be one step closer to know how to help someone who is having a seizure

Remember, each person’s recovery and follow-up needs may vary. Consulting with healthcare professionals is crucial to receive personalized guidance and ensure appropriate management and support following a seizure.

Seizure Training: Our Courses:

On any of our first aid courses you will learn how to help someone who is having a seizure.

Our Emergency and First Aid at Work courses are for those working in an office, factory, warehouse, manufacturing or on a building site.  These courses will set you up to know exactly what to do in an emergency.  Completing our courses will help you understand the hazards and risks in your workplace to therefore prevent accidents.

Apprentices or staff who are unlikely to be left alone with children, and lunchtime supervisors are all candidates for our Emergency Paediatric First Aid Training.  Our one-day course includes roles and responsibilities of a first aider, first aid kits, accident reporting, reasons of a life-threatening condition, CPR, defibrillator, causes of unconsciousness and recovery position, choking, bleeding, burns, and minor injuries.

Our Paediatric First Aid Training 2-day course includes all elements of the one-day first course including; broken bones, spinal injuries, head injuries, slings, sprains and strains, diabetes, febrile convulsions, hypothermia, hyperthermia, epilepsy, poisons, eye injuries, allergies and anaphylaxis, and asthma.

This course is ideal for those working alone with children, whether you are a Teacher or Teaching Assistant working in the Early Years or a childminder.  Our Paediatric courses are fully accredited.  We have open courses running at our Brownhills Centre or we can come to your setting.

Additionally, if you prefer to have a short session with us and complete a bespoke parents/grandparents course; our Parent’s first aid course is for you.  These start from 2 hours up to 4 hours.  Can include any modules of your choice, but we will cover: reasons of life-threatening conditions, CPR, Defibrillator, unconsciousness, recovery, choking and gagging, burns, and minor illnesses, including dangers within the home.

 

Our courses provide you with the peace of mind that you’ll know what to do in the event of an emergency, such as illnesses like asthma.  Furthermore, getting first aid training will give you the skill set of knowing exactly what to do if your child, friend, or work colleague suffers from an injury or life threatening condition. Never put yourself in a situation where you’re thinking, “What if I knew what to do?”  Get First Aid Trained Today! 

Call us on 01543 453338 or email us on info@hmbtrainingservices.co.uk